TENSES

16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contoh Kalimatnya

A. Pengantar.

16 Tenses dalam bahasa Inggris dan contoh kalimatnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh waktu. Tidak seperti bahasa Indonesia, mau besok, sekarang atau dulu makan ya tetap makan. Sedangkan bahasa Inggris, kalau dulu harus menggunakan kata kerja ate, sekarang eat dan seterusnya. So, tidak heran kalau kemudian ada tata bahasa/grammar Tenses yang mengaturnya.

Berdasarkan waktu, tenses dibagi menjadi 3 waktu:

1. Sekarang (Present)
2. Dulu (Past)
3. Akan datang (Future)

Masing-masing dari 3 waktu tersebut dikategorikan menjadi 3 bagian berdasarkan cara mengerjakannya:

1. Simple (Sederhana). Artinya tidak ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaanya tersebut sedang dilakukan, telah dilakukan atau masih berlangung.
2. Continuous (Sedang dilakukan). Artinya ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaanya tersebut sedang dilakukan.
3. Perfect (Telah dilakukan). Artinya ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaannya telah selesai dilakukan.

B. 16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris:

Berikut ini adalah 16 Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Contoh Kalimatnya. Untuk memperoleh penjelasan yang lebih detail, klik pada nama tenses yang kamu inginkan.

1. Simple Present
   (+) S + V1 (+es/s)                    e.g: Sun Rises from east (matahari terbit dari timur).
   (-) S + Do/Does + not +V1        e.g: I don’t know where to go.
   (?) Do/Does + not + S + V1?    e.g: Do you speak English (apakah kamu berbahasa Inggris?)
   Fungsi:
   – Untuk menunjukkan kebenaran mutlak. seperti contoh nomor 1.
   – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan rutin. e.g: I go to school everyday
2. Present Continuous.
   (+) S + am/is/are + Ving               e.g: I am going to your home tomorrow
   (-)  S + am/is/are + not + Ving    e.g: I am not crying
   (?) Am/is/are + S + Ving?             e.g: Are you still waiting for some one?
   Fungsi:
   – Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung
   – Menunjukkan Pekerjaan yang pasti dilakukan di masa yang akan datang (contoh nomor 1)
3. Present Perfect
   (+) S + have/has + V3                e.g: Peter has gone just now.
   (-)  S + have/has + not + V3      e.g: I have not done my home work yet.
   (?) Have/has + S + V3?              e.g: Have you already taken a bath?
   Fungsinya:
   – Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah usai pada saat sekarang.
4. Present Perfect Continuous
   (+) S + have/has + been + Ving              e.g: It has been raining since at six o’clock
   (-)  S + have/has + not + been + Ving    e.g:I haven’t been eating for whole day
   (?) Have/has + S + been + Ving               e.g: Has she been waiting for me for a long this time?
   Fungsi:
   – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi dan masih ada kemungkinan terjadi sampai nanti.
5. Simple Past.
   (+) S + V2 + O                          e.g: I went to school alone yesterday.
   (-)  S + did + not + Inf (V1)     e.g: You didn’t tell that you took my money yesterday.
   (?) Did + S + Inf (V1)                e.g: Did you came home last year?
   Fungsi:
   Menunjukkan pekerjaan yang terjadi pada masa lampau, tanpa ingin menekankan bahwa ia sedang, atau telah selesai melakukan pekerjaan tsb.
6. Past Continuous.
   (+) S + was/were + Ving              e.g: I was sleeping when you came.
   (-)  S + was/were + not + Ving  e.g: You weren’t listening to me when I was singing
   (?)  Was/were + S + Ving            e.g: Was she still reading while father called her?
   Fungsi:
   Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau, ketika pekerjaan lain terjadi, baik pekerjaan lain itu menyela (seperti contoh nomor1) atau terjadi bersama-sama (seperti contoh nomor 2).
7. Past Perfect.
   (+) S + Had + V3             e.g: She had gone before you came
   (-)  S + Had + not + V3  e.g: I hadn’t already taken a bath when you visit me
   (?)  Had + S + V3            e.g: had you already graduated from senior high school last year?
   Fungsi:
   Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai ketika pekerjaan lain baru dimulai pada masa lampau.
8. Past Perfect Continuous.
   (+) S + had + been + Ving     e.g: Rooney had been playing football for 3 years till he decided to stop last year.
   (-)  S+had+not+been+Ving  e.g: I had not learning English for a year at 2010
   (?) had+S+been+Ving           e.g: Had father been working at PT.Astra for 10 years last year?
   Fungsi:
   Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sudah terjadi pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.
9. Simple Future.
   (+) S + will + Inf (V1)             e.g: I will always love you if you love me to
   (-)  S + will+ not + Inf (V1)   e.g: I won’t let you go
   (?) Will + S + Inf (V1)             e.g: will you come to my party?
   Fungsinya:
   – Menunjukkan pekerjaan sederhana yang akan terjadi
   – Untuk membuat Conditional Sentence type I.
10. Future Continuous.
    (+) S + will + be + Ving           e.g: he will be climbing Krakatau with her friends on sunday
    (-)  S+ will + not + be + Ving  e.g: I wont be traveling next week.
    (?)  Will + S + be + Ving           e.g: will you be still sleeping at 7 a.m tomorrow morning?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedang terjadi pada masa yang akan datang.
11. Future Perfect.
    (+) S + will + have + V3             e.g: he will have arrived by the end of this month
    (-)  S + will + have + not + V3  e.g: he will not have slept at the time you go home.
    (?) Will + S + have + V3             e.g: will you have taken bath at 4 pm?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang telah selesai di masa yang akan datang.
12. Future Perfect Continuous.
    (+) S+will+have+been+Ving,          e.g: he will have been working for 3 hours at 9 am tomorrow.
    (-)  S+will+have+not+been+Ving,  e.g: she will have not been traveling for 3 weeks next sunday.
    (?) Will+S+have+been+Ving,          e.g: will you have been diving in the sea for 3 hours at mid day?
    Fungsi:
    – Sama dengan Present Perfect Continuous, bedanya: kejadiannya tidak sekarang tapi di masa depan.
13. Past Future.
    (+): S + would + Infinitive/V1,           e.g: I would have gone if you didn’t prevent me.
    (-): S + would + not + Infinitive/V1,  e.g: You would not come to your party yesterday, whatever happened.
    (?): Would + S + Infinitive/V1,            e.g: would you attend my wedding party if I invited you?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.
    – Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type II.
14. Past Future Continuous.
    (+) S + would + be + Ving              e.g: When I was born, He would be working at this company for 2 years
    (-)  S + would + not + be + Ving    e.g: You would not be walking alone, if I were not sick.
    (?) Would + S + be + Ving               e.g: would you be standing by me, if I slept yesterday?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.
15. Past Future Perfect.
    (+) S + would + have + been + V3             e.g: This house would have been painted if all workers had came yesterday.
    (-)  S + would + not + have + been + V3   e.g: It would not have been finished by the end of last month.
    (?) Would +S+ have+ been+ V3                  e.g: Would he have been delivered all my orders if I had paid my bill?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan pada masa lampau.
    – Untuk membuat kalimat Conditional Sentence Type III.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous.
    (+) S + would + have + been + V-ing             e.g: You would have been sleeping
    (-) S + would + not + have + been + V-ing   e.g: She would not have been crying
    (?) Would + S + have + been + V-ing?          e.g: Would you have living at London for 3 years last year?
    Fungsi:
    – Untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan yang sedianya akan telah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan pada masa lalu.

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SPOOF TEXT

The Phone was Off
Soon after he left college, Dave found one of his uncles who was very rich and had no children of his own died and left him a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency.
Dave found a nice office. He bought some new furniture and moved in. he had only been there for e few hours when he heard someone coming toward the door of his office.
“It must be my first customer” Dave thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from someone in New York who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.
The man knocked at the door while this was going on. He came in and waited politely for Dave to finish his conversation on the phone. Then the man said to Dave; “I am from the telephone company and I was sent here to connect your telephone”
Terjemahannya: Telponya Tak Tersambung
Segera setelah ia meninggalkan perguruan tinggi, Dave menemukan salah satu nya paman yang sangat kaya dan tidak punya anak sendiri meninggal dan meninggalkan Dia banyak uang, sehingga ia memutuskan untuk menetapkan atas agen real estat sendiri.
Dave ditemukan kantor yang bagus. Ia membeli beberapa perabot baru dan pindah in. ia hanya berada di sana untuk e beberapa jam ketika ia mendengar seseorang datang ke arah pintu kantor.
“Ini harus menjadi pelanggan pertama saya” Dave berpikir. Ia dengan cepat mengambil telepon dan berpura-pura sangat sibuk menjawab telpon penting dari seseorang di New York yang ingin membeli rumah besar dan mahal dalam negara
orang mengetuk di pintu sementara ini sedang terjadi. Dia datang dan sopan menunggu Dave untuk menyelesaikan percakapan telepon. Kemudian orang itu berkata kepada Dave; “Saya dari perusahaan telepon dan saya dikirim di sini untuk menghubungkan telepon Anda”

Notes on the Spoof’s Generic Structure
Orientation: Dave was a lucky man. He suddenly became a very rich man because of the death of his rich uncle who had no children. He inherited his uncle’s money.
Event 1: Being rich, he wanted to set up his estate company
Event 2: He had his new office. In his office, he pretended to be a very successful businessman. He acted as had an important client. He showed by making conversation on the phone.
Twist: The man whom he showed is a telephone technician. He came to Dave’s office to connect that phone

RECOUNT TEXT

PAPER TASK

WRITING 3

RECOUNT TEXT

Lecturer : Aulia Hanifah Qomar, M.Pd

 

Arranged by :

                            Muhammad Jamaludin                   14121757

                            Eka Herlina                                       14121267

                            Umi Salamah                                    14122317

                            Umi Parwanti                                   14121567

                            Ema Febriyanti                                 1291807

                            Nur Hayati                                        14121887

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF (STAIN) JURAI SIWO METRO

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015

FOREWORD

Assalamu ‘Alaikum Wr Wb

           Alhamdulillahirobbil ‘alamin gratitude we pray that the presence of allah SWT has given grace and guidance to us all, so that we can finish this paper “Writing 3”.

           Furthermore we would like to thank the lecturer for the course of Writing 3 who always provide direction and guidance to facilitate the preparation of this paper. and to friends who have given us the spirit and encouragement so that this paper can be resolved.

Hopefully this paper can be useful to readers in general and we beg criticism and suggestions for better progress.

Wassalamu ‘Alaikum Wr Wb

                                                                                Metro,

                                                                             WRITER

TABLE OF CONTENST

                                                                                                                         PAGE

TITLE PAGE      ..................................................................................................... i

FOREWORD                                                                                                    ....... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION........................................................................... 1

A.    Background............................................................................................... 1

B.     Formula Of Problems................................................................................ 1

C.     Purpose                                                                                                ....... 1 

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION................................................................................. 2

A.     Definition of Recount Text ..................................................................... 2

B.   Generic Structure of Recount text .......................................................... 2

C.   Character Linguistic of Recount Text...................................................... 3

CHAPTER III CLOSING...................................................................................... 4

A. Conclusion.................................................................................................. 4

REFERENCES

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

In English, there are several types of English text, or commonly referred to as Genre. Genre classification in English is influenced by several things, including the purpose of the author to write the text, the function of the text, the structure of language used, the characteristics of what language is used in the text.

English text types studied as a primary learning material in the subjects of English to high school. Most of the time when studying types English subtitles spent to discuss Generic Structure and Language Features are used as the material composing a text.

There are 13 types of text in English, namely Narrative Text, Recount Text, Procedure Text, Report Text, Analyticl Exposition Text, Hortatory Exposition Text, Explanation Text, Descriptive Text, Discussion Text, News Item Text, Review Text, Anecdote Text and Spoof text.

Relative to the importance of knowledge as mentioned above is what makes the author chose the topic of the kinds of English text that will discuss Recount Text as study materials in the manufacture of this paper.

B.     Formula Of Problems

1.      What is the definition of recount text?

2.      What is the generic structure of recount text?

3.      What is the character linguistic in recount text?

C.     Purpose  

1.      To know definition of recount text.

2.      To know generic structure of recount text.

3.      To know character linguistic in recount text.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A.    Definition of Recount Text

          Literally, Recount means “telling”. So, Recount Text can be translated into “the text tells”. Recount Text is one of the types of English text which retells events or experiences in the past. Purpose of Recount Text is to provide information or to entertain the reader. In the Recount Text as there is no complication in the Narrative Text.

B.     Generic Structure of Recount Text

Generic structure of recount text, consisting of :

1.      Orientation (Pengenalan)

Orientation is provides information about who, where, and when events or activities that occured in the past.

2.      Events (Peristiwa)

Event is a record of events that occured, which is usually presented in chronological order, like “In the first day, I ... . And in the next day ... . And in the last day ...”. Also at the event there is usually a personal comment on the event or events that are told.

3.      Re-orientation (Re-orientasi)

On the re-orientation, there is a recognition that there is repetition in orientation, repetition which summarizes a series of events, occurrences, or events that are told.

C.    Character Linguistic of Recount Text

Character lingusitic of recount teks, covering :

1.      Using the Past Tense. For example we went to zoo, I was happy, etc.

2.      Uses the Conjunction and Time Connectives to sequence events or happenings. For example and, but, the, after that, etc.

3.      Use of Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases to express place, time, and manner. For example yesterday, at my house, etc.

4.      Use Action Verbs. For example went, slept, run, brought, etc.

Our trip to the Yogyakarta

Orientation

On Sunday we went to the Prambanan Temple. We stayed at Gelek  and A’at’s house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a Badminton  court.

Events

On Monday we saw the Three Brothers and went on the scenic Alun-alun. It was beautiful. Then, Robin and I went shopping with Gelek and A’at. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats. On Tuesday we went to the Prambanan and Borobudur Temple. We saw many beautiful temples. We can meet many tourists.

Reorientation
In the afternoon we went home. That was very pleasant moment with my friend that I ever got every time.

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

Recount text is one of kind text in English language. Literally, Recount means “telling”. So, Recount Text can be translated into “the text tells”. Recount Text is one of the types of English text which retells events or experiences in the past. Purpose of Recount Text is to provide information or to entertain the reader. In the Recount Text as there is no complication in the Narrative Text.

Generic structure of recount text:

1.      Orientation (Pengenalan)

2.      Events (Peristiwa)

3.      Re-orientation (Re-orientasi)

REFERENCES

·         Setiawan Djuhrie, Otong, 2011, Bahasa Inggris. Bandung, Yrama Widya.

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